Physiotherapy Treatments
Physiotherapy is a branch of healthcare science, that mainly concentrates on the physical aspects of an individual's healthcare, by treating their physical ailments. It works towards this by maintenance and rehabilitation of the individual's physical activity, which is nothing but bringing back the lost activity to near normal perfection.Physiotherapy uses physical agents for the treatment of patients. The following list are the common physical agents used in physiotherapy.
Modalities Used
- SWD - Shortwave Diathermy
Short Wave diathermy current is a high frequency alternating current. The heat energy obtained from the wave is used for giving relief to the patient. Its frequency is 27,120,000 cycles per second and the wavelength is 11 metre.
Where useful?
1. Inflammation of shoulder joint
2. Inflammation of Elbow Joint (Tennis Elbow)
3. Degeneration of joints of neck (Cervical Spondylosis)
4. Degeneration of joints like knee and hip (Osteoarthritis)
5. Ligament Sprains in knee joint
6. Low Back Ache
7. Plantar fascitis (Heel Pain)
8. Sinusitis
Where it should not be used?
General
1. High Fever
2. Fluctuating Blood Pressure
3. Very sensitive Skin
4. Persons with Untreated Fits
5. Persons using Cardiac Pace Maker
6. Severe kidney and heart problems
7. Pregnant Women
8. Mentally Retarded Individuals
9. Tuberculosis of Bone
10. Malignant cancer
Local
If the treatment area has:
1. Open wounds
2. Skin disease
3. Unhealed scars
4. Recent burns
Advantages
1. Relaxation of the muscles
2. Effective in bacterial infections
3. Relief of pain
Treatment Time
Initial Stage - 5-10 minutes
Moderate Stage - 10-20 minutes
Severe State - 20-30 minutes
Disadvantages
1. Burns
2. Scalds (Boils)
3. Overdose
4. Shock
5. Electric Sparking
6. Faintness
- MWD-Micowave Diatherapy
It's an electromagnetic wave used for treatment purposes with wavelength between infra-red rays and short wave diathermic waves.
The heat energy obtained from the wave is used for giving relief to the patient.
Treatment Settings
Micro-wave diathermy waves used for treatment is of Wave length - 12.25 cm
Frequency - 2,450 cycles/sec
- IFT- Interferential Therapy
Indicated for Individuals with
1. Pain
2. Muscles spasm (pain and tightness)
3. Swelling
4. Muscles strain
Where it should not be used
The Treatment area has:
1. Localised wounds
2. Unhealed scar
3. Recent cuts
4. Skin infections
Where useful?
1. Pain
2. Bacterial infection
3. Septic fingers
4. Boils
5. Abscess
Where it should not be used?
1. Cancer
2. Tuberculosis of Bone
3. Recent exposure to X-rays
4. Defective blood circulation (In cases like Diabetes)
Advantages
Pain is relieved
1. Healing of infections is faster
2. Aids in relaxation
Disadvantages
1. Burns
2. Injuries to eyes
- US-Therapeutic ultrasound
-
It's an electromagnetic wave different from sound waves. The frequencies of waves employed for medical purposes are between 5,00,000 and 3,000,000 cycles/sec.
Where useful?
1. Inflammation of Elbow Joint (Tennis elbow)
2. Plantar fascitis(Heel pain)
3. Shortening of Muscle or Ligament
4. Inflammation of tendons(For eg Supraspinatus tendnitis)
5. Ligament sprain(For eg Lateral Ligament sprain of ankle)
6. Unhealed scars
Where should it not be used?1. Avoidance to specialised structures such as eyes, ears,ovaries or testes.
2. Growing ends of bones
3. Uterus of pregnant women
4. Areas with poor blood supply (In case of Diabetes)
CancerAdvantages
1. Relief of pain
2. Healing of Soft tissues (Ligament)
3. Healing of unhealed scars
Disadvantages
1. Burns
2. Cavitation (Damage to bones)
3. Overdose
- TENS- Transcutanius Electrical Nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may help stop pain by blocking nerve signals from reaching your brain. A physical therapist places electrodes on your skin near the area of your pain. TENS may relieve pain in your leg due to inflammation or compression of nerves in your back.
- MS- Muscle stimulation
Modified Galvanic Current
In this treatment method the duration of current flow is long and continuous.
Time duration - 10 - 200 milliseconds
Frequency - 50 - 100 pulses/sec.
Used in cases of severe nerve damage
Surged Faradic Current
Shorter duration and intermittent flow of current
Time duration - .01-1 millisecond
Frequency - 50 cycles per/sec. Used in cases of partial nerve damage or nerve compressionWhere useful?
1. All Nerve injuries(like Radial nerve Injury of the arm or hand)
2. Muscle weakness(To activate the muscle)
3. Facial nerve Injury
Where should it not be used?
Individuals who have -
1. Recent cuts
2. Open wounds
3. Unhealed scars
4. Recent fracture
5. Metal plate fixation in their Body
6. Skin infections
7. Recent surgery
- Mechanical Traction
Traction helps relieve pain and intra-discal pressure thereby increasing mobility of lower back region. Traction is usually advisable in following conditions:
1. Spinal nerve root impingement:
Herniated discLigament encroachment
Narrowing of the inter vertebral foramen
Osteophyte encroachment
Spinal nerve root swelling
2. Joint hypo mobility
3. Spondylolisthesis
4. Degenerative joint disease
5. Extrinsic muscle spasm and muscle guarding
6. Discogenic pain
7. Joint pain
8. Compression fracture
9. Lumbar disc disorders of primary origin
10. Lumbar disc disorders of secondary origin
11. Sciatica
TYPES OF TRACTION:ICT- Intermittent Cervical
IPT-Intermittent Pelvic Traction
SCT-Static cervical Traction
SPT-Static Pelvic Traction
Skin Traction
- Cryotherapy
- Moist Heat - Wax Therapy
Manual Therapy
-
- Soft tissue mobilisation
- Joint Mobilisation
- Massage
- Triger point release
- Stretching
- Manual Traction
Taping Techniques
Exercise Therapy
- Passive Movements Maintenance and improvement Exercises
- Passive to Active Assisted range improvement Exercises
- Active Assisted to Active range improvement Exercises
- Active range to Active Resisted improvement Exercises
- Work task achievement Exercises
- Functional Activity Maintenance Exercises.
- Breathing Exercises
- Cardiac Exercises
- Aerobic Exercises
- Fitness Exercises
- Prenatal Exercises
- Postnatal Exercises
- Preoperative Exercises
- Post operative Exercises
- Milestone Developmental Exercises
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